• Data-driven surveillance and risk assessment in perioperative safety emerged as a unifying pattern, with systematic audits, perioperative mortality analyses, and automated complication detection informing practice across diverse procedures, reflecting a shift toward quantitative safety analytics [7], [12], [8], [16], [19], [20].

• Device design and exit-site management for dialysis access highlighted how catheter configuration, exit-site practices, and survival metrics shape infection risk and long-term safety in perioperative care [1], [4], [9].

• Ambulatory surgery expansion and safety assessment show policy-relevant patterns in patient throughput, access criteria, and outcome monitoring for outpatient operations [3], [6].

• Cardiovascular risk stratification and anesthesia safety patterns reveal attention to cardiac risk indices, perioperative hemodynamics, and prosthetic heart valve performance in the perioperative period [19], [10], [13], [20].

• Procedure-specific perioperative risk profiling identifies patient-level risk factors and complication patterns across surgeries such as tonsil/adenoids, hemorrhoids, hysterectomy conization, and colon injuries, informing targeted safety measures [15], [17], [18], [5].